An Analysis of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in East Asia

This article makes an attempt to uncover and explain the linkages between monetary policy and growth, using the cases of South Korea, the Philippines and Thailand with short-term interest rates as main indicator. It seems that, with the results from the three countries taken together, tighter monetary policy has a larger impact on fixed capital investment than on private consumption, and within the latter, the greatest effect on private durable consumption and equipment investment. However, the author also points to longer-term implications from the 1997 tightening which can be seen in a lack of resurgence in domestic private borrowing and investment in some countries.monetary policy, monetary transmission mechanism

An Analysis of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in East Asia

This article makes an attempt to uncover and explain the linkages between monetary policy and growth, using the cases of South Korea, the Philippines and Thailand with short-term interest rates as main indicator. It seems that, with the results from the three countries taken together, tighter monetary policy has a larger impact on fixed capital investment than on private consumption, and within the latter, the greatest effect on private durable consumption and equipment investment. However, the author also points to longer-term implications from the 1997 tightening which can be seen in a lack of resurgence in domestic private borrowing and investment in some countries.monetary policy, monetary transmission mechanism

The Effect of Substituents in the Formation of Thiocarbanilides by Various Methods

A study of thiocarbanilide formation by four different methods has been made for the purpose of testing the effect of substituents in the amines used as starting materials. From a limited number of the thiocarbanilides guanidine derivatives were prepared by modification of the methods described by Marckwald (Ann., 286, 363 (1895)) and by Alway and Vail, (Am. Chem. J., 28, 158 (1902))

Plastic Design of Two Hinged Latticed Circular Arches

Architectural Engineerin

The economic impact of crop insurance on Minnesota counties

1 online resource (PDF, 20 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Sheep flock planning guide

1 online resource (PDF, 4 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

The Effects of Substituents in the Formation of Thiocarbanilides

It is well known that many reactions of benzene derivatives are hindered by the presence of substituents that are ortho as respects the reacting group. In the work here reported such hindrance has been observed when the substituent occupies the meta position

Matrix rigidity regulates spatiotemporal dynamics of Cdc42 activity and vacuole formation kinetics of endothelial colony forming cells

Recent evidence has shown that endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) may serve as a cell therapy for improving blood vessel formation in subjects with vascular injury, largely due to their robust vasculogenic potential. The Rho family GTPase Cdc42 is known to play a primary role in this vasculogenesis process, but little is known about how extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity affects Cdc42 activity during the process. In this study, we addressed two questions: Does matrix rigidity affect Cdc42 activity in ECFC undergoing early vacuole formation? How is the spatiotemporal activation of Cdc42 related to ECFC vacuole formation? A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Cdc42 biosensor was used to examine the effects of the rigidity of three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices on spatiotemporal activity of Cdc42 in ECFCs. Collagen matrix stiffness was modulated by varying the collagen concentration and therefore fibril density. The results showed that soft (150 Pa) matrices induced an increased level of Cdc42 activity compared to stiff (1 kPa) matrices. Time-course imaging and colocalization analysis of Cdc42 activity and vacuole formation revealed that Cdc42 activity was colocalized to the periphery of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Moreover, soft matrices generated faster and larger vacuoles than stiff matrices. The matrix-driven vacuole formation was enhanced by a constitutively active Cdc42 mutant, but significantly inhibited by a dominant-negative Cdc42 mutant. Collectively, the results suggest that matrix rigidity is a strong regulator of Cdc42 activity and vacuole formation kinetics, and that enhanced activity of Cdc42 is an important step in early vacuole formation in ECFCs